Solemnity of All Saints
Lectionary: 667
Lectionary: 667
I, John, saw another angel come up from the East,
holding the seal of the living God.
He cried out in a loud voice to the four angels
who were given power to damage the land and the sea,
"Do not damage the land or the sea or the trees
until we put the seal on the foreheads of the servants of our God."
I heard the number of those who had been marked with the seal,
one hundred and forty-four thousand marked
from every tribe of the children of Israel.
After this I had a vision of a great multitude,
which no one could count,
from every nation, race, people, and tongue.
They stood before the throne and before the Lamb,
wearing white robes and holding palm branches in their hands.
They cried out in a loud voice:
"Salvation comes from our God, who is seated on the throne,
and from the Lamb."
All the angels stood around the throne
and around the elders and the four living creatures.
They prostrated themselves before the throne,
worshiped God, and exclaimed:
"Amen. Blessing and glory, wisdom and thanksgiving,
honor, power, and might
be to our God forever and ever. Amen."
Then one of the elders spoke up and said to me,
"Who are these wearing white robes, and where did they come from?"
I said to him, "My lord, you are the one who knows."
He said to me,
"These are the ones who have survived the time of great distress;
they have washed their robes
and made them white in the Blood of the Lamb."
holding the seal of the living God.
He cried out in a loud voice to the four angels
who were given power to damage the land and the sea,
"Do not damage the land or the sea or the trees
until we put the seal on the foreheads of the servants of our God."
I heard the number of those who had been marked with the seal,
one hundred and forty-four thousand marked
from every tribe of the children of Israel.
After this I had a vision of a great multitude,
which no one could count,
from every nation, race, people, and tongue.
They stood before the throne and before the Lamb,
wearing white robes and holding palm branches in their hands.
They cried out in a loud voice:
"Salvation comes from our God, who is seated on the throne,
and from the Lamb."
All the angels stood around the throne
and around the elders and the four living creatures.
They prostrated themselves before the throne,
worshiped God, and exclaimed:
"Amen. Blessing and glory, wisdom and thanksgiving,
honor, power, and might
be to our God forever and ever. Amen."
Then one of the elders spoke up and said to me,
"Who are these wearing white robes, and where did they come from?"
I said to him, "My lord, you are the one who knows."
He said to me,
"These are the ones who have survived the time of great distress;
they have washed their robes
and made them white in the Blood of the Lamb."
Responsorial
PsalmPS 24:1BC-2, 3-4AB, 5-6
R. (see 6) Lord,
this is the people that longs to see your face.
The LORD's are the earth and its fullness;
the world and those who dwell in it.
For he founded it upon the seas
and established it upon the rivers.
R. Lord, this is the people that longs to see your face.
Who can ascend the mountain of the LORD?
or who may stand in his holy place?
One whose hands are sinless, whose heart is clean,
who desires not what is vain.
R. Lord, this is the people that longs to see your face.
He shall receive a blessing from the LORD,
a reward from God his savior.
Such is the race that seeks him,
that seeks the face of the God of Jacob.
R. Lord, this is the people that longs to see your face.
The LORD's are the earth and its fullness;
the world and those who dwell in it.
For he founded it upon the seas
and established it upon the rivers.
R. Lord, this is the people that longs to see your face.
Who can ascend the mountain of the LORD?
or who may stand in his holy place?
One whose hands are sinless, whose heart is clean,
who desires not what is vain.
R. Lord, this is the people that longs to see your face.
He shall receive a blessing from the LORD,
a reward from God his savior.
Such is the race that seeks him,
that seeks the face of the God of Jacob.
R. Lord, this is the people that longs to see your face.
Reading 21 JN 3:1-3
Beloved:
See what love the Father has bestowed on us
that we may be called the children of God.
Yet so we are.
The reason the world does not know us
is that it did not know him.
Beloved, we are God's children now;
what we shall be has not yet been revealed.
We do know that when it is revealed we shall be like him,
for we shall see him as he is.
Everyone who has this hope based on him makes himself pure,
as he is pure.
See what love the Father has bestowed on us
that we may be called the children of God.
Yet so we are.
The reason the world does not know us
is that it did not know him.
Beloved, we are God's children now;
what we shall be has not yet been revealed.
We do know that when it is revealed we shall be like him,
for we shall see him as he is.
Everyone who has this hope based on him makes himself pure,
as he is pure.
AlleluiaMT 11:28
R. Alleluia,
alleluia.
Come to me, all you who labor and are burdened,
and I will give you rest, says the Lord.
R. Alleluia, alleluia.
Come to me, all you who labor and are burdened,
and I will give you rest, says the Lord.
R. Alleluia, alleluia.
GospelMT 5:1-12A
When Jesus saw the crowds, he went up the mountain,
and after he had sat down, his disciples came to him.
He began to teach them, saying:
"Blessed are the poor in spirit,
for theirs is the Kingdom of heaven.
Blessed are they who mourn,
for they will be comforted.
Blessed are the meek,
for they will inherit the land.
Blessed are they who hunger and thirst for righteousness,
for they will be satisfied.
Blessed are the merciful,
for they will be shown mercy.
Blessed are the clean of heart,
for they will see God.
Blessed are the peacemakers,
for they will be called children of God.
Blessed are they who are persecuted for the sake of righteousness,
for theirs is the Kingdom of heaven.
Blessed are you when they insult you and persecute you
and utter every kind of evil against you falsely because of me.
Rejoice and be glad,
for your reward will be great in heaven."
and after he had sat down, his disciples came to him.
He began to teach them, saying:
"Blessed are the poor in spirit,
for theirs is the Kingdom of heaven.
Blessed are they who mourn,
for they will be comforted.
Blessed are the meek,
for they will inherit the land.
Blessed are they who hunger and thirst for righteousness,
for they will be satisfied.
Blessed are the merciful,
for they will be shown mercy.
Blessed are the clean of heart,
for they will see God.
Blessed are the peacemakers,
for they will be called children of God.
Blessed are they who are persecuted for the sake of righteousness,
for theirs is the Kingdom of heaven.
Blessed are you when they insult you and persecute you
and utter every kind of evil against you falsely because of me.
Rejoice and be glad,
for your reward will be great in heaven."
Meditation: "Rejoice and be glad, for your reward is great
in heaven"
What
is the good life which God intends for us? And how is it related with the
ultimate end or purpose of life? Is it not our desire and longing for
true happiness, which is none other than the complete good, the sum
of all goods, leaving nothing more to be desired? Jesus addresses this question
in his sermon on the mount. The heart of Jesus' message is that we can live a
very happy life. The call to holiness, to be saints who joyfully pursue God's
will for their lives, can be found in these eight beatitudes. Jesus' beatitudes
sum up our calling or vocation - to live a life of the beatitudes. The
word beatitude literally means "happiness" or
"blessedness".
God
gives us everything that leads to true happiness
What is the significance of Jesus' beatitudes, and why are they so central to his teaching? The beatitudes respond to the natural desire for happiness that God has placed in every heart. They teach us the final end to which God calls us, namely the coming of God's kingdom (Matthew 4:17), the vision of God (Matthew 5:8; 1 John 2;1), entering into the joy of the Lord (Matthew 25:21-23) and into his rest (Hebrews 4:7-11). Jesus' beatitudes also confront us with decisive choices concerning the life we pursue here on earth and the use we make of the goods he puts at our disposal.
What is the significance of Jesus' beatitudes, and why are they so central to his teaching? The beatitudes respond to the natural desire for happiness that God has placed in every heart. They teach us the final end to which God calls us, namely the coming of God's kingdom (Matthew 4:17), the vision of God (Matthew 5:8; 1 John 2;1), entering into the joy of the Lord (Matthew 25:21-23) and into his rest (Hebrews 4:7-11). Jesus' beatitudes also confront us with decisive choices concerning the life we pursue here on earth and the use we make of the goods he puts at our disposal.
Jesus'
tells us that God alone can satisfy the deepest need and longing of our heart.
Teresa of Avila's (1515-1582) prayer book contained a bookmark on which she
wrote: Let nothing disturb you, let nothing frighten you. All things
pass - God never changes. Patience achieves all it strives for. Whoever has God
lacks nothing - God alone suffices.
Is
God enough for you? God offers us the greatest good possible - abundant life in
Jesus Christ (John 10:10) and the promise of unending joy and happiness with
God forever. Do you seek the highest good, the total good, which is
above all else?
The
beatitudes are a sign of contradiction to the world's way of happiness
The beatitudes which Jesus offers us are a sign of contradiction to the world's understanding of happiness and joy. How can one possibly find happiness in poverty, hunger, mourning, and persecution? Poverty of spirit finds ample room and joy in possessing God as the greatest treasure possible. Hunger of the spirit seeks nourishment and strength in God's word and Spirit. Sorrow and mourning over wasted life and sin leads to joyful freedom from the burden of guilt and spiritual oppression.
The beatitudes which Jesus offers us are a sign of contradiction to the world's understanding of happiness and joy. How can one possibly find happiness in poverty, hunger, mourning, and persecution? Poverty of spirit finds ample room and joy in possessing God as the greatest treasure possible. Hunger of the spirit seeks nourishment and strength in God's word and Spirit. Sorrow and mourning over wasted life and sin leads to joyful freedom from the burden of guilt and spiritual oppression.
God
reveals to the humble of heart the true source of abundant life and happiness.
Jesus promises his disciples that the joys of heaven will more than compensate
for the troubles and hardships they can expect in this world. Thomas Aquinas
said: "No one can live without joy. That is why a person deprived of
spiritual joy goes after carnal pleasures." Do you know the
happiness of hungering and thirsting for God alone?
"Lord
Jesus, increase my hunger for you and show me the way that leads to everlasting
peace and happiness. May I desire you above all else and find perfect joy in
doing your will."
Daily
Quote from the early church fathers: Perfect blessedness is humility of
spirit, by Hilary of Poitiers (315-367 AD)
"'Blessed
are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.' The Lord taught
by way of example that the glory of human ambition must be left behind when he
said, 'The Lord your God shall you adore and him only shall you serve' (Matthew
4:10). And when he announced through the prophets that he would choose a people
humble and in awe of his words [Isaiah 66:2], he introduced the perfect
Beatitude as humility of spirit. Therefore he defines those who are inspired as
people aware that they are in possession of the heavenly kingdom... Nothing
belongs to anyone as being properly one's own, but all have the same things by
the gift of a single parent. They have been given the first things needed to
come into life and have been supplied with the means to use them." (excerpt
from commentary ON MATTHEW 4.2)
SOLEMNITY OF ALL SAINTS
FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 1, MATTHEW 5:1-12a
Holy Day of Obligation
(Revelation 7:2-4, 9-14; Psalm 24; 1 John 3:1-3)
FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 1, MATTHEW 5:1-12a
Holy Day of Obligation
(Revelation 7:2-4, 9-14; Psalm 24; 1 John 3:1-3)
KEY VERSE: "Rejoice and be glad, for your reward will be great in heaven" (v. 12).
TO KNOW: In his Sermon on the Mount, Jesus revealed the character that he expected from his followers. The "Beatitudes," which Jesus exalted, was the attitude of trust and humility represented by the poor, the suffering and persecuted. At the time of Jesus, affliction and poverty, were thought to be punishment for one's sins, and good health and material prosperity were seen as rewards for one's righteousness. Jesus reversed human expectations of those who were thought to be fortunate. He announced that true happiness (Greek: makarios – blessed) was not found in wealth and power. Jesus promised eternal reward for all who humbly sought God's will despite hardships. But the "blessedness" that the disciples received is not some future glory; it is the blessedness that exists in the here and now. Jesus exemplified every Beatitude. He was poor (Mt 8:20) and gentle and meek (11:29). He grieved over sin and hungered and thirsted for God's justice (12:18). He was merciful (12:16-21) and single-hearted in his desire to do God's will (26:39). Jesus suffered persecution and died to bring about God's kingdom (27:50). He gave us the ideal that every Christian should constantly pursue in order to be holy people, worthy of God's reign. Pope Francis said, “There is no Saint without a past, and there is no sinner without a future.”
TO LOVE: Which of the Beatitudes do I most need to put into practice today?
TO SERVE: Saints of God, help me to imitate your righteous and holy lives.
SOLEMNITY
OF ALL SAINTS
In the New Testament, all baptized Christians are called "saints" (Greek, hagiois, 2 Cor 1:2). Saints are made holy by the sanctifying power of the Holy Spirit. After their death, some Christians are officially recognized by the Church as "Saints" for their exemplary sanctity. These individuals are models of a virtuous life. They give us hope for the blessed state that we all strive to attain. The spiritual union between all the faithful, living and dead, is called the "Communion of Saints." About the year 1000, people started seeking the Pope's authority in the matter of canonization of individuals that they deemed worthy of being named Saints. Over the years, procedures for canonization have become more complex. The first step towards Sainthood is when a person is declared "venerable," a Servant of God. This stage requires that a candidate has lived a life of faith and high morals. The second stage, with the title of "Blessed," is beatification. For this stage, the candidate must have influenced an extraordinary event, which the Church recognizes as "miraculous," meaning it cannot be explained by laws of human science. Advocates for the nominee collect the evidence, a biography, while a "devil's advocate" researches evidence that the nominee may not deserve the title Saint. The third stage, carrying the title "Saint," requires evidence of a second miracle. The person is then officially recommended to the entire church for veneration (deep respect). The Saint is assigned a feast day and churches can be named after them.
Friday 1 November 2019
All Saints
Apocalypse 7:2-4, 9-14. Psalm 23(24):1-6. 1 John 3:1-3. Matthew
5:1-12.
Lord, this is the people that longs to see your face – Psalm
23(24):1-6.
‘Blessed are the poor . . .’
When the Beatitudes are lived out, they make sense. Francis of
Assisi cast off riches, choosing a life of simplicity. Many come to value this
ideal. The Dalai Lama responds gently to violence and aggression. Mahatma
Gandhi espoused non-violent resistance and inspired a movement. The mothers of
the Plaza de Mayo in Argentina stood every Thursday holding photos of their
abducted and ‘vanished’ children, victims of the military dictatorship from
1976-1983, inspiring others to speak out for human rights. Civil rights workers
in the US marched and acted for equality for African Americans despite being
stoned, assaulted and imprisoned. The single-minded compassion of Jacinda
Ardern in Christchurch touched us all. Fathers forgave their children’s
murderers there and in Melbourne. Dag Hammarskjold died trying to bring peace
to the Congo. St Oscar Romero was persecuted and killed for supporting the
oppressed.
Jesus, help me follow their example.
Solemnity of All
Saints
Saint of the Day for
November 1
 |
| Evening of All Saints’ Day at Malmi Cemetery, Helsinki, Finland | photo by Jori Samonen | flickr |
The Story of the Solemnity of All Saints
The earliest certain observance of a feast in honor of all the saints is an
early fourth-century commemoration of “all the martyrs.” In the early seventh
century, after successive waves of invaders plundered the catacombs, Pope
Boniface IV gathered up some 28 wagon-loads of bones and reinterred them
beneath the Pantheon, a Roman temple dedicated to all the gods. The pope
rededicated the shrine as a Christian church. According to Venerable Bede, the
pope intended “that the memory of all the saints might in the future be honored
in the place which had formerly been dedicated to the worship not of gods but
of demons” (On the Calculation of Time).
But the rededication of the Pantheon, like the earlier
commemoration of all the martyrs, occurred in May. Many Eastern Churches still
honor all the saints in the spring, either during the Easter season or
immediately after Pentecost.
How the Western Church came to celebrate this feast, now
recognized as a solemnity, in November is a puzzle to historians. The
Anglo-Saxon theologian Alcuin observed the feast on November 1 in 800, as did
his friend Arno, Bishop of Salzburg. Rome finally adopted that date in the
ninth century.
Reflection
This feast first honored martyrs. Later, when Christians were
free to worship according to their consciences, the Church acknowledged other
paths to sanctity. In the early centuries the only criterion was popular
acclaim, even when the bishop’s approval became the final step in placing a
commemoration on the calendar. The first papal canonization occurred in 993;
the lengthy process now required to prove extraordinary sanctity took form in
the last 500 years. Today’s feast honors the obscure as well as the famous—the
saints each of us have known.
Lectio
Divina: All Saints - Matthew 5:1-12a
Lectio Divina
Friday, November 1, 2019
The Beatitudes
Matthew 5:1-12
Matthew 5:1-12
1. Listening to the text
a) Opening prayer:
Lord, the meaning of our life is to seek your Word, which came
to us in the person of Christ. Make me capable of welcoming what is new in the
Gospel of the Beatitudes, so that I may change my life. I would know nothing
about you were it not for the light of the words spoken by your Son Jesus, who
came to tell us of your marvels. When I am weak, if I go to Him, the Word of
God, then I become strong. When I act foolishly, the wisdom of His Gospel
restores me to relish God and the kindness of His love.
He guides me to the paths of life. When some deformity appears
in me, I reflect on His Word and the image of my personality becomes beautiful.
When solitude tries to make me dry, my spiritual marriage to Him makes my life
fruitful. When I discover some sadness or unhappiness in myself, the thought of
Him, my only good, opens the way to joy. Therese of the Child Jesus has a
saying that sums up the desire for holiness as an intense search for God and a
listening to others: "If you are nothing, remember that Jesus is all. You
must therefore lose your little nothing into His infinite all and think of
nothing else but this uniquely lovable all…" (Letters, 87, to Marie
Guérin).
b) Reading the Gospel:
1 Seeing the crowds, He went onto the mountain. And when He was
seated His disciples came to him. 2 Then He began to speak. This is what He
taught them:
3 How blessed are the poor in spirit:
the kingdom of Heaven is theirs.
4 Blessed are the gentle:
they shall have the earth as inheritance.
5 Blessed are those who mourn:
they shall be comforted.
6 Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for uprightness:
they shall have their fill.
7 Blessed are the merciful:
they shall have mercy shown them.
8 Blessed are the pure in heart:
they shall see God.
9 Blessed are the peacemakers:
they shall be recognized as children of God.
10 Blessed are those who are persecuted in the cause of uprightness:
the kingdom of Heaven is theirs.
11 'Blessed are you when people abuse you and persecute you and speak all kinds of calumny against you falsely on my account. 12 Rejoice and be glad, for your reward will be great in heaven; this is how they persecuted the prophets before you.
3 How blessed are the poor in spirit:
the kingdom of Heaven is theirs.
4 Blessed are the gentle:
they shall have the earth as inheritance.
5 Blessed are those who mourn:
they shall be comforted.
6 Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for uprightness:
they shall have their fill.
7 Blessed are the merciful:
they shall have mercy shown them.
8 Blessed are the pure in heart:
they shall see God.
9 Blessed are the peacemakers:
they shall be recognized as children of God.
10 Blessed are those who are persecuted in the cause of uprightness:
the kingdom of Heaven is theirs.
11 'Blessed are you when people abuse you and persecute you and speak all kinds of calumny against you falsely on my account. 12 Rejoice and be glad, for your reward will be great in heaven; this is how they persecuted the prophets before you.
c) A moment of prayerful silence:
It is important to be able to listen in deep silence so that the
word of Christ may speak to us and so that the Word made flesh may dwell in us
and us in him. It is only in silent hearts that the Word of God can take root
and, on this Solemnity of All Saints, become flesh in us.
2. Light shed on the Word (lectio)
a) The context:
Jesus’ words on the Beatitudes that Matthew drew from his
sources were condensed in short and isolated phrases, and The Evangelist has
placed them in a broader context which Biblical scholars call the “sermon on
the mount” (chapters 5-7). This sermon is considered to be like the
statutes or Magna Carta that Jesus gave to the community as a
normative and binding word that defines a Christian.
The many themes contained in this long sermon are not to be seen
as collection of exhortations, but rather as a clear and radical indication of
the new attitude of the disciples towards God, oneself, and the brothers and
sisters. Some expressions used by Jesus may seem exaggerated, but they are used
to stress reality and thus are realistic in the context, although not so in a
literary sense. For instance in vv.29-30: "If your right eye should be
your downfall, tear it out and throw it away; for it will do you less harm to
lose one part of yourself than to have your whole body thrown into hell. And if
your right hand should be your downfall, cut it off and throw it away, for it
will do you less harm to lose one part of yourself than to have your whole body
go to hell". This manner of speaking indicates the effect to be
created in the reader, who must understand Jesus’ words correctly and not
distort their meaning.
Our focus, for liturgical reasons, will be on the first part of
the “sermon on the mount”. That is the part dealing with the
proclamation of the beatitudes (Mt 5:1-12).
b) Some details:
Matthew invites the reader to listen to the beatitudes
proclaimed by Jesus with a rich concentration of details. First he indicates
the place where Jesus proclaims His sermon: “Jesus went onto the mountain”
(5:1). That is why exegetes call this the “sermon on the mount” even
though Luke places this sermon on level ground (Lk 6:20-26). The geographic
location of the “mountain” could be a veiled reference to an episode in
the OT quite like this, when Moses proclaims the Decalogue on mount Sinai. It
is possible that Matthew wishes to present Jesus as the new Moses who proclaims
the new law.
Another detail that strikes us is the physical posture of Jesus
who proclaims His words: “when He was seated”. This posture confers upon
Him a note of authority in the legislative sense. The disciples and the “crowd”
gather around him. This detail shows what Jesus had to say was for all to hear.
We note that Jesus’ words do not present impossible matters, nor are they
addressed to a special group of people, nor do they mean to establish a code of
ethics exclusively for His inner circle. Jesus’ demands are concrete, binding
and decisively radical.
Someone branded Jesus’ sermon as follows: "For me, this
is the most important text in the history of humankind. It is addressed to all,
believers and non, and after twenty centuries it is still the only light still
shining in the darkness of violence, fear and solitude in which the West finds
itself because of its pride and selfishness" (Gilbert Cesbron).
The word “blessed” (in Greek makarioi) in our
context does not say “softly” but cries out happiness found throughout the
Bible. For instance, in the OT, those called “blessed” are those who
live out the precepts of Wisdom (Sir 25,7-10). The prayerful person of the
Psalms defines “blessed” as those who “fear”, or more precisely
those who love the Lord, expressing this love in the observance of the precepts
contained in the word of God (Sal 1,1; 128,1).
Matthew’s originality lies in adding a secondary phrase that
specifies each beatitude. For instance, the main assertion “blessed are the
poor in spirit” is clarified by an added phrase “for theirs is the
kingdom of heaven”. Another difference with the OT is that Jesus’ words
proclaim a saving blessedness here and now and without any limitations. For
Jesus, all can attain happiness on condition that they remain united to Him.
c) The first three beatitudes:
i) The first cry concerns the poor: “How blessed are the
poor in spirit, the kingdom of heaven is theirs”. The reader may be
shocked. How can the poor be happy? In the Bible, the poor are those who empty
themselves of themselves and, above all, renounce the presumption of building
their own present and future alone. They leave room for, and focus on, God’s
project and His Word. The poor, always in the biblical sense, is not someone
closed in on himself, miserable and negative, but someone who nurtures being
open to God and to others. God is all his/her treasure. We could say with
St.Teresa of Avila that “God alone suffices!”,.
A great modern spiritual author described poverty as follows: "As long as one does not empty one’s heart, God cannot fill it with Himself. As you empty your heart, so does the Lord fill it. Poverty is emptiness, not only in what concerns the future but also the past. Not a regret or memory, not a worry or wish! God is not in the past, God is not in the future: He is in the present! Leave your past to God, leave your future to God. Your poverty is to live the present, the Presence of God who is Eternity” (Divo Barsotti).
This is the first beatitude, not just because it is the first of many, but because it seems to encapsulate all the others in their diversity.
A great modern spiritual author described poverty as follows: "As long as one does not empty one’s heart, God cannot fill it with Himself. As you empty your heart, so does the Lord fill it. Poverty is emptiness, not only in what concerns the future but also the past. Not a regret or memory, not a worry or wish! God is not in the past, God is not in the future: He is in the present! Leave your past to God, leave your future to God. Your poverty is to live the present, the Presence of God who is Eternity” (Divo Barsotti).
This is the first beatitude, not just because it is the first of many, but because it seems to encapsulate all the others in their diversity.
ii) ”Blessed are those who mourn; they shall be comforted”.
One can mourn because of great pain or suffering. This underlines the fact that
we are dealing with a serious situation even though the motives or the cause
are not mentioned. If we wish to identify today “those who mourn”, we could
think of all the Christians who hold dear the demands of the kingdom and suffer
because of many negative stories in the Church rather than focus on
holiness. For them, the Church seems to present divisions and
lacerations. They may also be those who suffer because of their sins and
inconsistencies and who, in some way, slow down their conversion. To these,
only God can bring the news of “consolation”.
iii) “Blessed are the gentle, they shall inherit the earth”.
The third beatitude is about gentleness. This is a quality that is not
popular today. For many it has a negative connotation and is taken for weakness
or the kind of imperturbability that knows how to calculatingly control one’s
emotions. What does the word “gentle” mean in the Bible? The gentle are
remembered as those who enjoy great peace (Ps 37:10), are happy, blessed, and
loved by God. They are also contrasted with evildoers, the ungodly, and
sinners. Thus the OT gives us a wealth of meanings that do not allow for one
single definition.
In the NT, the first time we meet the word is in Mt 11:29: “Learn from me because I am gentle and humble of heart”. A second time is in Mt 21:5, when Matthew describes Jesus’ entry into Jerusalem and cites the prophet Zechariah in 2:9: “Behold your servant comes to you, meek [gentle]”. Truly, Matthew’s Gospel may be described as the Gospel of gentleness.
Paul also says that gentleness is an identifying quality of the Christian. In 2 Corinthians 10:1 he exhorts believers “I urge you by the meekness and gentleness of Christ”. In Galatians 5:22 gentleness is considered one of the fruits of the Holy Spirit in the heart of believers and consists in being meek, moderate, slow to punish, kind and patient towards others. Again in Ephesians 4:32 and Colossians 3:12 gentleness is an attitude that is part of the Christian and a sign of the new man in Christ.
Finally, an eloquent witness comes from 1 Peter 3:3-4: “Whose adorning let it not be the outward adorning of braiding the hair, and of wearing jewels of gold, or of putting on apparel; but let it be the hidden man of the heart, in the incorruptible apparel of a meek and quiet spirit, which is in the sight of God of great price.”.
How does Jesus use the word “gentle”? A truly enlightening definition is the one given by the gentle person of Cardinal Carlo Maria Martini: “The gentle person, according to the beatitudes, is one who, in spite of the fervor of his/her feelings, remains docile and calm, not possessive, interiorly free, always extremely respectful of the mystery of freedom, imitating God in this respect who does everything with respect for the person, and urges the person to obedience without ever using violence. Gentleness is opposed to all forms of material or moral arrogance, it gains the victory of peace over war, of dialogue over imposition”.
To this wise interpretation we add that of another famous exegete: “The gentleness spoken of in the beatitudes is none other than that aspect of humility that manifests itself in practical affability in one’s dealings with the other. Such gentleness finds its image and its perfect model in the person of Jesus, gentle and humble of heart. Truly, such gentleness seems to us like a form of charity, patient and delicately attentive towards others” (Jacques Dupont).
In the NT, the first time we meet the word is in Mt 11:29: “Learn from me because I am gentle and humble of heart”. A second time is in Mt 21:5, when Matthew describes Jesus’ entry into Jerusalem and cites the prophet Zechariah in 2:9: “Behold your servant comes to you, meek [gentle]”. Truly, Matthew’s Gospel may be described as the Gospel of gentleness.
Paul also says that gentleness is an identifying quality of the Christian. In 2 Corinthians 10:1 he exhorts believers “I urge you by the meekness and gentleness of Christ”. In Galatians 5:22 gentleness is considered one of the fruits of the Holy Spirit in the heart of believers and consists in being meek, moderate, slow to punish, kind and patient towards others. Again in Ephesians 4:32 and Colossians 3:12 gentleness is an attitude that is part of the Christian and a sign of the new man in Christ.
Finally, an eloquent witness comes from 1 Peter 3:3-4: “Whose adorning let it not be the outward adorning of braiding the hair, and of wearing jewels of gold, or of putting on apparel; but let it be the hidden man of the heart, in the incorruptible apparel of a meek and quiet spirit, which is in the sight of God of great price.”.
How does Jesus use the word “gentle”? A truly enlightening definition is the one given by the gentle person of Cardinal Carlo Maria Martini: “The gentle person, according to the beatitudes, is one who, in spite of the fervor of his/her feelings, remains docile and calm, not possessive, interiorly free, always extremely respectful of the mystery of freedom, imitating God in this respect who does everything with respect for the person, and urges the person to obedience without ever using violence. Gentleness is opposed to all forms of material or moral arrogance, it gains the victory of peace over war, of dialogue over imposition”.
To this wise interpretation we add that of another famous exegete: “The gentleness spoken of in the beatitudes is none other than that aspect of humility that manifests itself in practical affability in one’s dealings with the other. Such gentleness finds its image and its perfect model in the person of Jesus, gentle and humble of heart. Truly, such gentleness seems to us like a form of charity, patient and delicately attentive towards others” (Jacques Dupont).
3. The word enlightens me (to meditate)
a) Am I able to accept those little signs of poverty in my
regard? For instance, the poverty of poor health and little indispositions? Do
I make exorbitant demands?
b) Am I able to accept my poverty and fragility?
c) Do I pray like a poor person, as one who asks with humility the grace of God, His pardon and His mercy?
d) Inspired by Jesus’ message concerning gentleness, do I renounce violence, vengeance and a vengeful spirit?
e) Do I encourage, in families and in my place of work, a spirit of kindness, gentleness and peace?
f) Do I pay back malice and insults with evil?
g) Do I look after the weakest who cannot defend themselves? Am I patient with old people? Do I welcome lonely strangers who are often exploited at work?
b) Am I able to accept my poverty and fragility?
c) Do I pray like a poor person, as one who asks with humility the grace of God, His pardon and His mercy?
d) Inspired by Jesus’ message concerning gentleness, do I renounce violence, vengeance and a vengeful spirit?
e) Do I encourage, in families and in my place of work, a spirit of kindness, gentleness and peace?
f) Do I pay back malice and insults with evil?
g) Do I look after the weakest who cannot defend themselves? Am I patient with old people? Do I welcome lonely strangers who are often exploited at work?
4. To Pray
a) Psalm 23:
The Psalm seems to rotate around the title “The Lord is my
shepherd”. The saints are the image of the flock on the way: they are
accompanied by the goodness and loyalty of God, until they finally reach the
house of the Father (L.Alonso Schökel, I salmi della fiducia,
Dehoniana libri, Bologna 2006, 54)
Yahweh is my shepherd,
I lack nothing.
I lack nothing.
In grassy meadows He lets me lie.
By tranquil streams He leads me
to restore my spirit.
He guides me in paths of saving justice as befits His name.
By tranquil streams He leads me
to restore my spirit.
He guides me in paths of saving justice as befits His name.
Even were I to walk in a ravine as dark as death
I should fear no danger,
for you are at my side.
Your staff and your crook are there to soothe me.
I should fear no danger,
for you are at my side.
Your staff and your crook are there to soothe me.
You prepare a table for me under the eyes of my enemies;
you anoint my head with oil;
my cup brims over.
you anoint my head with oil;
my cup brims over.
Kindness and faithful love pursue me every day of my life.
I make my home in the house of Yahweh
for all time to come.
I make my home in the house of Yahweh
for all time to come.
(The common translation of psalm 23:
The Lord is my shepherd,
I shall not want;
he makes me lie down in green pastures.
He leads me beside still waters;
he restores my soul.
He leads me in paths of righteousness for His name's sake.
Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death,
I fear no evil;
for thou art with me;
thy rod and thy staff, they comfort me.
Thou preparest a table before me
in the presence of my enemies;
thou anointest my head with oil, my cup overflows.
Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life;
and I shall dwell in the house of the Lord for ever.)
I shall not want;
he makes me lie down in green pastures.
He leads me beside still waters;
he restores my soul.
He leads me in paths of righteousness for His name's sake.
Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death,
I fear no evil;
for thou art with me;
thy rod and thy staff, they comfort me.
Thou preparest a table before me
in the presence of my enemies;
thou anointest my head with oil, my cup overflows.
Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life;
and I shall dwell in the house of the Lord for ever.)
b) Closing prayer:
Lord Jesus, you show us the way of the beatitudes so that we may
come to that happiness that is fullness of life and thus holiness. We are all
called to holiness, but the only treasure of the saints is God. Your Word,
Lord, calls saints all those who in baptism were chosen by your love of a
Father, to be conformed to Christ. Grant, Lord, that by your grace we may
achieve this conformity to Jesus Christ. We thank you, Lord, for the saints you
have placed on our way and who manifest your love. We ask for your pardon if we
have tarnished your face in us and denied our calling to be saints.
