March 23, 2025
Third Sunday of Lent
Year C
Lectionary: 30
Reading I
Moses was tending the flock of his father-in-law Jethro,
the priest of Midian.
Leading the flock across the desert, he came to Horeb,
the mountain of God.
There an angel of the LORD appeared to Moses in fire
flaming out of a bush.
As he looked on, he was surprised to see that the bush,
though on fire, was not consumed.
So Moses decided,
“I must go over to look at this remarkable sight,
and see why the bush is not burned.”
When the LORD saw him coming over to look at it more closely,
God called out to him from the bush, "Moses! Moses!”
He answered, “Here I am.”
God said, “Come no nearer!
Remove the sandals from your feet,
for the place where you stand is holy ground.
I am the God of your fathers, “ he continued,
“the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, the God of Jacob.”
Moses hid his face, for he was afraid to look at God.
But the LORD said,
“I have witnessed the affliction of my people in Egypt
and have heard their cry of complaint against their slave drivers,
so I know well what they are suffering.
Therefore I have come down to rescue them
from the hands of the Egyptians
and lead them out of that land into a good and spacious land,
a land flowing with milk and honey.”
Moses said to God, “But when I go to the Israelites
and say to them, ‘The God of your fathers has sent me to you,’
if they ask me, ‘What is his name?’ what am I to tell them?”
God replied, “I am who am.”
Then he added, “This is what you shall tell the Israelites:
I AM sent me to you.”
God spoke further to Moses, “Thus shall you say to the Israelites:
The LORD, the God of your fathers,
the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, the God of Jacob,
has sent me to you.
“This is my name forever;
thus am I to be remembered through all generations.”
Responsorial Psalm
Psalm
103: 1-2, 3-4, 6-7, 8, 11.
R. (8a) The Lord is kind and merciful.
Bless the LORD, O my soul;
and all my
being, bless his holy name.
Bless the LORD, O my soul,
and forget
not all his benefits.
R. The Lord is kind and merciful.
He pardons all your iniquities,
heals all
your ills,
He redeems your life from destruction,
crowns you
with kindness and compassion.
R. The Lord is kind and merciful.
The LORD secures justice
and the
rights of all the oppressed.
He has made known his ways to Moses,
and his
deeds to the children of Israel.
R. The Lord is kind and merciful.
Merciful and gracious is the LORD,
slow to
anger and abounding in kindness.
For as the heavens are high above the earth,
so
surpassing is his kindness toward those who fear him.
R. The Lord is kind and merciful.
Reading II
I do not want you to be unaware, brothers and sisters,
that our ancestors were all under the cloud
and all passed through the sea,
and all of them were baptized into Moses
in the cloud and in the sea.
All ate the same spiritual food,
and all drank the same spiritual drink,
for they drank from a spiritual rock that followed them,
and the rock was the Christ.
Yet God was not pleased with most of them,
for they were struck down in the desert.
These things happened as examples for us,
so that we might not desire evil things, as they did.
Do not grumble as some of them did,
and suffered death by the destroyer.
These things happened to them as an example,
and they have been written down as a warning to us,
upon whom the end of the ages has come.
Therefore, whoever thinks he is standing secure
should take care not to fall.
Verse Before the Gospel
Repent, says the Lord;
the kingdom of heaven is at hand.
Gospel
Some people told Jesus about the Galileans
whose blood Pilate had mingled with the blood of their sacrifices.
Jesus said to them in reply,
“Do you think that because these Galileans suffered in this way
they were greater sinners than all other Galileans?
By no means!
But I tell you, if you do not repent,
you will all perish as they did!
Or those eighteen people who were killed
when the tower at Siloam fell on them—
do you think they were more guilty
than everyone else who lived in Jerusalem?
By no means!
But I tell you, if you do not repent,
you will all perish as they did!”
And he told them this parable:
“There once was a person who had a fig tree planted in his orchard,
and when he came in search of fruit on it but found none,
he said to the gardener,
‘For three years now I have come in search of fruit on this fig tree
but have found none.
So cut it down.
Why should it exhaust the soil?’
He said to him in reply,
‘Sir, leave it for this year also,
and I shall cultivate the ground around it and fertilize it;
it may bear fruit in the future.
If not you can cut it down.’”
https://bible.usccb.org/bible/readings/032325-YearC.cfm
Commentaries on
Exodus 3:1-8,13-15; 1 Corinthians 10:1-6,1-12; Luke 13:1-9
One of the recurrent themes throughout the Lenten season is
the compassion and mercy of our God. It is something that we constantly need to
be reminded about. Our God is always faithful and consistent. His love for us
never changes, no matter how we behave, no matter how serious our sins may be.
It has to be that way because our God not only loves, he IS love. Love is of
the very essence of his being; he cannot not love.
His love is like the sun which gives its warmth to good and
bad alike; like the gentle nurturing rain which falls on good and bad alike.
And we are called, as far as possible, to imitate him in this—to love always
and unconditionally. Because we find that difficult, it is hard for us to think
of God loving that way. We do need to get rid of the idea of an angry,
disappointed, vengeful God threatening catastrophe on a wicked world—an idea
still being fostered by those who claim to have had special revelations.
Does anything matter?
If God’s love for us is so constant and unchanged by our behaviour, does that
mean we can do anything we like? Does it matter whether we lead good or bad
lives or whether we sin or not? It is very doubtful if we would be justified in
drawing that conclusion.
Today’s readings seem to be saying three things to us:
- We
cannot find our salvation and wholeness as persons without the love and
the help of God.
- God
does not punish people because of their bad behaviour.
- God
will not save us against our will or without our co-operation.
It is absolutely true—and we should never have doubts about
this—that if we sin, God continues to love us as he always did and does. But it
is also true that, if we sin, we are not loving him. And so we become separated
from him. Love is essentially mutual; it is a two-way process—a bonding. Love
is not complete until it is reciprocated on both sides. So God’s love is not
perfect, is not fully effective in me until I have opened myself to receive it
and to give mine in return. When we sin, God does not stop loving us; it is we
who stop loving him. It is we who break the relationship—always.
Does God kill people?
In today’s Gospel, some people approach Jesus and tell him of how some
Galileans had been killed by Roman soldiers in the Temple sanctuary. Did they
want Jesus, as a Galilean himself, to denounce the Roman authorities? Jesus
responds by taking another tack altogether. Instead, he mentions another incident,
apparently a sheer accident when a building fell on some purely innocent people
and killed many. Jesus asks his questioners:
…do you think that they were worse offenders than all the
other people living in Jerusalem?
It is quite common to meet people who believe that such
events are acts of punishment by God. Perhaps even more frequently one meets
people who ask why a loving God does not prevent such things happening—as if
God was a kind of puppet master who rules the world by pulling strings.
When an airplane crashes and everyone is killed, is it
because those passengers were more deserving of death? When thousands are
killed or made homeless as the result of some terrible natural disaster, an
earthquake or a cyclone, are we to read it as an act of punishment for those
people or even for the whole country?
Does God love some people
more?
Does God love those victims less? Are those who escape such disasters
more loved by him? Maybe it is the other way round. Those who died may have
been ready to meet their God, while those who survive are being given an
opportunity to put things right with their lives. Jesus gives a clear warning:
I tell you, but unless you repent you will all perish
just as they did.
‘Repent’ (Greek, metanoia) implies not just
regret for the past, but a radical conversion and a complete change in our way
of life in responding to and opening ourselves to the love of God.
What Jesus is saying is:
- If I
am regarded as very ‘successful’ in my life (e.g. I have money, career or
status), it does not at all mean that I am a good person, a person without
sin or that God somehow loves me more. Jesus makes that quite clear in the
Gospel.
- If I
suffer in my life, it does not at all mean that God does not love me or
that I am more sinful than others.
In fact, every single experience I have is a sign of God’s
love. If I am showered with blessings—spiritual, emotional or material—they are
given that I may share them with others, so that I become a channel of God’s
love to others. If I am struck down with disaster, disease, pain or failure, it
is again a message for me to seek and find there the presence of a loving God.
Paradoxically, it is often only through such experiences that we can grow and
come closer to God and others. Disease and serious illness can draw out of
relatives and friends extraordinary depths of compassion and care. Unhealthy
behaviour and material prosperity can often lead to selfishness, individualism
and neglect of others. Where there is love, there is God. Where there is no
God, one is not likely to find much real loving.
No unconditional guarantees
Jesus is also saying that, just because I am a baptised Christian and call
myself ‘Catholic’, it is of itself no guarantee that I will experience
salvation and wholeness as a person. In today’s Second Reading, Paul, speaking
of the Israelites in the desert with Moses, says:
…[they] were all under the cloud, and all passed
through the sea, and all were baptized into Moses in the cloud and in the sea,
and all ate the same spiritual food, and all drank the same spiritual drink.
For they drank from the spiritual rock that followed them, and the rock was
Christ. Nevertheless, God was not pleased with most of them, and they were
struck down in the wilderness.
Having an identity card or passport is no guarantee that I
am a good and responsible citizen. Being baptised, even my presence at Mass or
my going to Confession is again, of itself, no guarantee that I really love God
and love my brothers and sisters. For we know well we can go through these
rituals in a very mechanical and meaningless way. After years of attending Mass
or ‘going to Confession’ our lives may show little sign of progress in
spiritual or interpersonal growth and responsibility. So, if I find myself
consistently giving out the same laundry list in Confession or if I don’t go
because I have nothing to say, then it may be time for me to ask myself what
exactly is happening in my Christian life.
Taking a close look
So today’s readings are asking us to take a good look at ourselves. We
are like that fig tree that Jesus speaks of in the parable in today’s Gospel.
It is alive but it bears no fruit. It should be cut down. The man responsible
for the tree asks the owner to give it one more year. If after that, there is
no fruit, it should be cut down.
Every Lenten season is our chance to fertilise our tree and
to see how it can be more fruitful. For some reading this, it may indeed be
their last year, their last Lent to take care of their tree.
I am being called not merely to survive personally as a
Christian, to ‘hang in there’ (just staying out of sin and being in the ‘state
of grace’). I am being called to grow continually in being a truly loving person,
loving God and loving all those around me.
For instance, let us look at a few examples:
- What
kind of influence am I within my family circle?
- In
work, how do I relate with my colleagues and is my presence a positive
element in our workplace?
- What
is my attitude towards strangers, that is, people I do not know and who
are not ‘useful’ to me?
- What
kind of contribution (apart from giving money and being physically present
in church) do I make to the life of the Christian community in that part
of the world where I live?
- In
general, what kind of contribution could I be said to be making in my
society, or do I expect society to satisfy only my needs and those of my
immediate family?
Two-way love
On the one hand, I need to realise that God always and everywhere loves
me. But that love is only fully completed in me when I become a genuinely
loving and caring person, one who loves both God and others in word and action.
There is no need for us ever to be afraid of God. He will
never directly punish us or the world around us. But we do have the choice to
come closer to him, to experience that love he is reaching out to us, to open
ourselves to that love or, like the Prodigal Son, go our own way, separate
ourselves from him and wallow in the cesspools of life. The choice is up to us.
God’s love is there for the taking. What are we waiting for?
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https://livingspace.sacredspace.ie/lc031/
Sunday, March 23, 2025
Third Sunday of Lent
Opening Prayer
Lord Jesus, send Your Spirit to help us read
the Scriptures in the same way that You read them to the disciples on the road
to Emmaus. With the light of the Word in the Bible, You helped them to discover
the presence of God in the distressing events surrounding Your condemnation to
death. The cross, which seemed to put an end to all hope, was revealed to them
as the source of life and resurrection.
Create
in us the silence necessary to hear Your voice in creation and in the
Scriptures, in the events of daily life and in people, above all in the poor
and the suffering. May Your word give us direction, just as it did to the two
disciples on the road to Emmaus, so that we too will experience the power of
Your resurrection and bear witness to others that You are alive in our midst as
the source of community, of justice and of peace. We ask this of You, Jesus,
son of Mary, You who revealed the Father to us and sent us Your Spirit. Amen.
Gospel Reading – John 4: 5-42
A Key for Unlocking the Text:
The
text describes the dialogue between Jesus and the Samaritan woman. It is a very
human conversation, which shows how Jesus related to people and how He Himself
learned and became enriched in talking with others. While reading the text, try
to be aware of what surprises you most about the attitude both of Jesus and the
woman. A Division of the Text to Assist a Careful Reading:
•
Jn 4: 5-6: Sets the scene in which the dialogue
takes place
•
Jn 4: 7-26: Describes the dialogue between Jesus
and the woman
7-15: about water and thirst
•
John 6-18: about the husband and family
19-25: about
religion and the place for adoration
•
Jn 4: 27-30: Describes the effect of the
conversation on the woman • Jn
4: 31-38: Describes the effect of the conversation on Jesus • Jn 4: 39-42: Describes the effect on
the mission of Jesus in Samaria The
Text:
•
5-6: So He came to a city of Samaria, called
Sychar, near the field that Jacob gave to his son Joseph. Jacob's well was
there, and so Jesus, wearied as He was from His journey, sat down beside the
well. It was about the sixth hour.
•
7-15: There came a woman of Samaria to draw
water. Jesus said to her, "Give me a drink." For His disciples had
gone away into the city to buy food. The Samaritan woman said to Him, "How
is it that You, a Jew, ask a drink of me, a woman of Samaria?" For Jews
have no dealings with Samaritans. Jesus answered her, "If you knew the
gift of God, and who it is that is saying to you, 'Give me a drink,' you would
have asked Him, and He would have given you living water." The woman said
to Him, "Sir, you have nothing to draw with, and the well is deep; where
do you get that living water? Are You greater than our father Jacob, who gave
us the well, and drank from it himself, and his sons, and his cattle?"
Jesus said to her, "Everyone who drinks of this water will thirst again,
but whoever drinks of the water that I shall give him will never thirst; the
water that I shall give him will become in him a spring of water welling up to
eternal life." The woman said to Him, "Sir, give me this water, that
I may not thirst, nor come here to draw."
•
16-18: Jesus said to her, "Go, call your
husband, and come here." The woman answered Him, "I have no
husband." Jesus said to her, "You are right in saying, 'I have no
husband'; for you have had five husbands, and he whom you now have is not your
husband; this you said truly."
•
19-26: The woman said to Him, "Sir, I
perceive that you are a prophet. Our fathers worshiped on this mountain; and
you say that in Jerusalem is the place where men ought to worship." Jesus
said to her, "Woman, believe Me, the hour is coming when neither on this
mountain nor in Jerusalem will you worship the Father. You worship what you do
not know; we worship what we know, for salvation is from the Jews. But the hour
is coming, and now is, when the true worshipers will worship the Father in
spirit and truth, for such the Father seeks to worship Him. God is spirit, and
those who worship Him must worship in spirit and truth." The woman said to
Him, "I know that Messiah is coming (he who is called Christ); when he
comes, he will show us all things." Jesus said to her, "I who speak
to you am He."
•
27-30: Just then His disciples came. They
marvelled that He was talking with a woman, but none said, "What do you
wish?" or "Why are You talking with her?" So the woman left her
water jar, and went away into the city, and said to the people, "Come, see
a man who told me all that I ever did. Can this be the Christ?" They went
out of the city and were coming to Him.
•
31-38: Meanwhile the disciples besought Him,
saying, "Rabbi, eat." But He said to them, "I have food to eat
of which you do not know." So the disciples said to one another, "Has
anyone brought Him food?" Jesus said to them, "My food is to do the
will of Him who sent me, and to accomplish His work. Do you not say, 'There are
yet four months, then comes the harvest? I tell you, lift up your eyes, and see
how the fields are already white for harvest. He who reaps receives wages, and
gathers fruit for eternal life, so that sower and reaper may rejoice together.
For here the saying holds true, 'One sows and another reaps.' I sent you to
reap that for which you did not labor; others have labored, and you have
entered into their labor."
•
39-42: Many Samaritans from that city believed
in Him because of the woman's testimony, "He told me all that I ever
did." So when the Samaritans came to Him, they asked Him to stay with them;
and He stayed there two days. And many more believed because of His word. They
said to the woman, "It is no longer because of your words that we believe,
for we have heard for ourselves, and we know that this is indeed the Savior of
the world."
A Moment of Silent Prayer
so that the Word of God can enter
into us and light up our lives.
Some Questions
to help us in our meditation and
prayer.
•
What most attracted your attention in Jesus’
attitude toward the woman during the dialogue? What
method did Jesus use to help the woman become aware of a deeper dimension to
life?
•
What most attracted your attention about the
attitude of the Samaritan woman during her conversation with Jesus? How did she
influence Jesus?
•
Where in the Old Testament is water associated
with the gift of life and the gift of the Holy Spirit?
•
How does Jesus’ attitude during the conversation
question me or touch something within me or correct me?
•
The Samaritan woman led the discussion towards
religion. If you could come across Jesus and talk to Him,
what would you like to talk about? Why?
•
Do I adore God in spirit and in truth or do I
find my security in rituals and regulations?
A Key to the Reading
for those who wish to go deeper.
The Symbolism of water:
Jesus uses the word water in two senses. The first sense
is the material, normal sense of water that one drinks; the second is the
symbolic sense as the source of life and the gift of the Spirit. Jesus uses a
language that people can understand and, at the same time, awakens in them the
desire to go deeper and to discover a more profound meaning to life.
The
symbolic sense of water has its roots in the Old Testament, where it is
frequently a symbol for the action of the Spirit of God in people. For example,
Jeremiah compares running water to water in a cistern (Jer 2: 13). The more
water is taken from a cistern, the less it has; the more water is taken from a
stream of living water, the more it has. Other texts from the Old Testament: Is
12: 3; 49: 10; 55: 1; Ezek 47: 1-3. Jesus knew the traditions of His people and
He uses these in His conversation with the Samaritan woman. Suggesting the
symbolic meaning of water, He suggests to her (and to the readers) various
episodes and verses from the Old Testament. The Dialogue Between Jesus and the Woman:
Jesus meets the woman at the well, a
traditional place for meetings and conversations (Gen 24: 10-27; 29: 1-14). He starts off from His own very real need because He is thirsty. He does this in such a way that
the woman feels needed and she serves Him.
Jesus makes Himself needy in her regard.
From His question, he makes it possible for
the woman to become aware that He depends on
her to give Him something to drink. Jesus
awakens in her the desire to help and to serve.
The conversation between Jesus and the woman has two
levels:
• The superficial level, in the material
sense of water that quenches someone’s thirst, and in the normal sense of
husband as the father of a family. At this level the conversation is tense and
difficult and does not flow. The Samaritan woman has the upper hand. At the
beginning, Jesus tries to meet her by talking about daily chores (fetching
water), but He does not succeed. Then He tries by talking about family (call
your husband), and still there is no breakthrough. Finally the woman speaks
about religion (the place of adoration). Jesus then gets through to her by the
door she herself has opened.
• The deeper level, in the symbolic sense
of water as the image of the new life brought by Jesus, and of the husband as
the symbol of the union of God with the people. At this level, the conversation
flows perfectly. After revealing that He Himself is offering the water of new
life, Jesus says, "Go and get your husband and then return." In the
past, the Samaritans had five husbands, or five idols, attached to the five
groups of people who were taken off by the King of Assyria (2 Kings 17: 30-31).
The sixth husband, the one the woman had at present, was not truly her husband:
"the one you have now is not your husband" (Jn 4: 18). What the
people had did not respond to their deepest desire: union with God, as a
husband who unites himself to his spouse (Is 62: 5; 54: 5). The true husband,
the seventh, is Jesus, as promised by Hosea: "I will espouse you to me
forever; I will espouse you in right and in justice, in love and in mercy. I
will espouse you in fidelity, and you shall know the Lord." (Hos 2:
21-22). Jesus is the bridegroom who has arrived
(Mk 2: 19) to bring new life to the woman who has been searching
for
it her whole life long, and until now, has never
found it. If the people accept Jesus as "husband," they will have
access to God wherever they are, both in spirit and in truth (vv. 23-24).
Jesus
declares His thirst to the Samaritan woman but He does not drink. This is a
sign that we are talking about a symbolic thirst, which had to do with His
mission: the thirst to accomplish the will of His Father (Jn 4: 34). This
thirst is ever present in Jesus and will be until His death. At the moment of His
death, He says, "I am thirsty" (Jn 19: 28). He declares His thirst
for the last time and so He can say, "It is accomplished." Then He
bowed His head and gave up His spirit. (Jn 19: 30). His mission had been
accomplished. The Importance of Women in the Gospel of
John:
In John’s Gospel, women feature
prominently seven times, which are decisive for the spreading of the Good News.
To women are given functions and missions, some of which, in the other Gospels,
are attributed to men:
•
At the wedding feast in Cana, the mother of
Jesus recognizes the limits of the Old Testament and affirms the law of the
Gospel, "Do whatever He tells you."
(Jn 2: 1-11).
•
The Samaritan woman is the first person to have
revealed to her by Jesus the great secret, that He is the
Messiah. "It is I who speak to you." (Jn 4: 26). She then becomes the
evangelizer of Samaria (Jn 4: 28-30, 39-42).
•
The woman, who is called an adulteress, at the
moment of receiving the forgiveness of Jesus, becomes the judge of the
patriarchal society (or of male power) that seeks to condemn her. (Jn 8: 1-11).
•
In the other Gospels it is Peter who makes the
solemn profession of faith in Jesus (Mt 16: 16; Mk 8: 29;
Lk 9: 20). In the Gospel of John, it is Martha, sister of Mary and Lazarus, who
makes the solemn profession of faith (Jn 11: 27).
•
Mary, the sister of Martha, anoints the feet of
Jesus for the day of his burial (Jn. 12: 7). At the time of Jesus, the one who
died on a cross was not buried nor embalmed. Mary anticipated the anointing of
Jesus’ body. This means that she accepted Jesus as the Messiah-Suffering
Servant, who must die on the cross. Peter did not accept this (Jn.13: 8) and
sought to dissuade Jesus from this path (Mt. 16: 22). In this way, Mary is
presented as a model for the other disciples.
•
At the foot of the cross, Jesus says,
"Woman, behold your son; son, behold your mother" (Jn. 19: 25-27).
The Church is born at the foot of the cross. Mary is the model for the
Christian community.
•
Mary Magdalene must announce the Good News to
the brothers (Jn. 20: 1118). She receives an order, without which all the other
orders given to the apostles would have no effect or value.
•
The Mother of Jesus appears twice in John’s
Gospel: at the beginning, at the wedding feast in Cana (Jn. 2: 1-5), and at the
end, at the foot of the cross (Jn. 19: 25-27). In both cases, she represents
the Old Testament that waits for the arrival of the New, and, in both cases,
assists its arrival. Mary unites what has gone before with what would come
later. At Cana, it is she, the Mother of Jesus, symbol of the Old Testament,
who perceives its limits and takes steps so that the New will arrive. At the
hour of Jesus’ death, it is the Mother of Jesus, who welcomes the "Beloved
Disciple." In this case the Beloved Disciple is the new community, which
has grown around Jesus. It is the child that has been born from the Old
Testament. In response to Jesus’ request, the son, the New Testament, welcomes
the Mother, the Old Testament, into his home. The two must journey together.
The New Testament cannot be understood without the Old. It would be a building
without a foundation. The Old without the New would be incomplete. It would be
a tree without fruit.
Psalm 19 (18)
God Speaks to Us Through Nature and Through the Bible
The
heavens are telling the glory of God; and the firmament proclaims His
handiwork. Day to day pours forth speech, and night to night declares
knowledge.
There
is no speech, nor are there words; their voice is not heard; yet their voice
goes out through all the earth, and their words to the end of the world.
In
them He has set a tent for the sun, which comes forth like a bridegroom leaving
his chamber, and like a strong man runs its course with joy.
Its
rising is from the end of the heavens, and its circuit to the end of them; and
there is nothing hid from its heat.
The
law of the Lord is perfect, reviving the soul; the testimony of the Lord is
sure, making wise the simple; the precepts of the Lord are right, rejoicing the
heart; the commandment of the Lord is pure, enlightening the eyes.
The
fear of the Lord is clean, enduring for ever; the ordinances of the Lord are
true, and righteous altogether. More to be desired are they than gold, even
much fine gold; sweeter also than honey and drippings of the honeycomb.
Moreover
by them is Thy servant warned; in keeping them there is great reward. But who
can discern his errors? Clear thou me from hidden faults.
Keep back thy servant also from presumptuous sins; let
them not have dominion over me! Then I shall be blameless, and innocent of
great transgression.
Let the words of my mouth and the meditation of my heart
be acceptable in Thy sight, O Lord, my rock and my redeemer.
Final Prayer
Lord Jesus, we thank
You for Your word, which has helped us see better
the will of the Father. Let Your Spirit illumine all that we
do and give us the strength to carry out what Your
Word has made us see. Let us, like Mary, Your Mother,
not only listen to the Word but also put it into practice. You who live and
reign with the Father in the unity of the Holy Spirit forever and ever. Amen.
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