Dialogue with China: Small steps
towards mutual trust
Why is the Vatican engaging in a dialogue with Chinese
authorities? In China, Catholics have remained faithful despite the suffering
caused by a regime that is hostile to religion. So what can such dialogue
achieve?
By Sergio Centofanti and Fr Bernd Hagenkord, SJ
Dialogue is basic to the life of the Church. It is an
essential element in terms of the way the Church acts, both within its own
structures, and in its relationship with the world. To dialogue means to get in
touch with society, religions, and cultures. The 2nd Vatican
Council considered dialogue a form of pastoral action, not just among Church
members, but also towards non-Christians, civil authorities, and all people of
good will. The Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World, “Gaudium
et Spes” states: “All people, believers and non-believers, must contribute
to the proper construction of this world within which they live together: this
cannot happen without a loyal and prudent dialogue” (No. 21).
Pope Paul VI says something similar in his Encyclical, “Ecclesiam
Suam”: "The Church must come to dialogue with the world in which she
finds herself. The Church speaks; the Church becomes a message" (No. 67).
The Catholic Church "must be ready to support dialogue with all people of
good will, within and outside its own sphere" (No. 97).
Dialogue between people, institutions, and communities,
facilitates knowledge, which can become friendship. In all cases, dialogue is
nourished by trust. Mutual trust is the fruit of many small steps, gestures and
encounters, which take place on various occasions, often quietly and very
discretely. "There are always doors that are not closed", as Pope
Francis said, on May 13th 2017.
The current climate of dialogue between the Holy See and
China has been achieved thanks to small steps taken by recent Popes, each of
whom has opened up a path, added a new building brick, inspiring hope-filled
thoughts and actions: from the careful diplomacy of Paul VI to the clear
indications of Benedict XVI and St. John Paul II, encouraging proactive
dialogue with Chinese authorities. Most recently, there is the personality,
teaching, and manner of Pope Francis, that encourages a process of dialogue and
encounter between so many peoples and nations, including China.
The Catholic Church does not choose dialogue as an end in
itself. It is not the kind of “compromise at all costs” that ends up selling
out important principles in order to gain political or diplomatic advantages.
In the case of China, this would mean forgetting the suffering experienced by
the Catholic community. For the Church, dialogue must always be animated by the
search for truth and justice, aimed at achieving the integral good of the human
person, and respecting fundamental rights. It is important to remember that the
Church's mission, even in China, is not to change State structures or
administration, or to challenge political power or authorities. If the Church
reduced her mission to the purely political sphere, she would betray her true
nature and become just another political protagonist among many, renouncing her
transcendent vocation and reducing her own action to the temporal dimension
only.
Sincere and honest dialogue allows the Church to operate
from within society, both to protect the legitimate expectations of Catholics,
and to promote the common good. In this context, when the Church makes critical
statements, her aim is not to stimulate controversy, or to condemn, but to
promote a more just society with a constructive spirit. Critique becomes a
concrete exercise of pastoral charity, because it echoes the cry of suffering
of those who are weak and do not have the strength to make their voices heard.
With regard to China, the Holy See believes that honest and
respectful dialogue, as difficult and risky as it may be, will encourage a
climate of confident exchange, one that will increase mutual knowledge, and
will gradually succeed in overcoming the misunderstandings of the distant, and
more recent, past.
Various signals seem to indicate that China is increasingly
attentive to the "soft power" the Holy See exercises internationally.
In China, history continues to run its course and those who have special
responsibilities in the Church need to practice careful discernment. That is
why the dialogue the Holy See has undertaken with Chinese authorities for over
a quarter of a century, has become a veritable pastoral duty for those intent
on reading the signs of the times, and on recognizing the presence of God in
history.
This is the second in a series of in-depth articles on
the dialobue between the Holy See and China.
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